Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the issue of aging has gained international
attention. Both developed and developing nations are currently dealing with this issue. To …

This paper develops a social insurance accounting model for a notional defined contribution
(NDC) scheme combining retirement and long-term care (LTC) contingencies. The …

Because of the importance of Social Security to the retirement income of many people, the
level of future Social Security benefits is an important aspect of retirement readiness. This …

This paper deals with the idea of converting retirement benefit into a life care annuity with
graded benefits using a pre-existing public pay-as-you-go pension scheme. Based on …

Longevity insurance annuities are deferred annuities that begin payment at advanced ages,
such as age 82. They provide insurance against running out of money in old age. They …

Longevity insurance benefits are deferred annuities that start payment at an advanced age
at which a substantial proportion of the birth cohort has died. In high-income countries, that …

The book is written for a non-academic audience and does not reference the academic
literature. However, academics will find it a useful reference because of its detailed …

Social protection systems reduce poverty and provide a safety net for the vulnerable.
However, social protection is not a reality for a large majority of the world's population. In …