A counterexample to the original incorrect convergence theorem for the fuzzy c -means (FCM)
clustering algorithms (see JC Bezdak, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. and Math. Intell., vol.PAMI…

An annuity is an arrangement in which an individual makes a one-time payment (the premium)
to an insurer in exchange for a lifetime payment stream. Ideally, the expected present …

Tontines are investment vehicles that can be used to provide retirement income. A tontine is
a financial product that combines the features of an annuity and a lottery. 1 In a simple …

The fuzzy c-means/ISODATA algorithm is usually described in terms of clustering a finite
data set. An equivalent point of view is that the algorithm clusters the support points of a finite-…

An individual tontine account (ITA) is an investment product similar to a conventional brokerage
account, but with the added feature of mortality pooling through participation in an open-…

This Article explains how to create" survivor funds"-shortterm investment funds that would
pay more to those investors who live until the end of the fund's term than to those who die …

A single-period tontine is an arrangement in which a group of members contribute to an
investment pool, and after a fixed period of time, the pool is distributed to those members who …

In a fair tontine, members of a group contribute to a pool, and each time a member dies, his
or her contribution is divided among surviving members in unequal portions according to a …

Basically, a tontine is a financial product that combines features of an annuity and a lottery.
In a simple tontine, a group of investors pool their money together to buy a portfolio of …

This article takes an empirical look backward to identify causes of the current underfunding
of public-sector pension plans administered by the California Public Employees Retirement …